FINRA Rule 2210: How to calculate IRR consistent with GIPS

Sean P. Gilligan
Author
April 21, 2021
15 min
FINRA Rule 2210: How to calculate IRR consistent with GIPS

In July 2020, the Financial Industry Regulation Authority (FINRA), a government-authorized not-for-profit organization that oversees US broker-dealers, published Regulatory Notice 20-21, which addresses retail communications concerning private placement offerings. Specifically, Regulatory Notice 20-21, which addresses FINRA Rule 2210 and the use of IRR in retail communications for completed investment programs, now requires IRR to be calculated according to the methodology outlined in the GIPS® Standards.

What is GIPS?

The Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) are a set of voluntary standards utilized by investment managers and asset owners throughout the world to provide full disclosure and fair representation of their investment performance.

The fundamental aim of GIPS compliance is transparency and consistency. Firms that comply with the GIPS standards improve transparency in the industry and standardize reporting, allowing prospects evaluating managers with similar strategies to make the comparison easier and more meaningful.

What does FINRA Rule 2210 have to do with the GIPS standards?

Within the Regulatory Notice, FINRA states that, “FINRA interprets Rule 2210 to permit the inclusion of IRR if it is calculated in a manner consistent with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS) adopted by the CFA Institute and includes additional GIPS-required metrics such as paid-in capital, committed capital and distributions paid to investors.” Ultimately, this means that firms that present IRRs in private placements must now calculate and present performance information in accordance with the methodology outlined in the GIPS standards.

This understandably has led to some confusion for non-GIPS compliant firms that include IRR performance in private placement offerings.

In the CFA Institute’s March 2021 GIPS Standards Newsletter, some common questions were addressed regarding FINRA Regulatory Notice 20-21 and its reference to the GIPS standards. Please keep in mind that CFA Institute’s interpretation of the Regulatory Notice has not been adopted or endorsed by FINRA. The key takeaways from the questions and answers listed in the newsletter are listed below.

Key Takeaways From CFA Institute about FINRA Regulatory Notice 20-21:

A firm is not required to claim compliance with the GIPS Standards in order to comply with FINRA Regulatory Notice 20-21.

An exception is being made to allow firms and their agents to make a specific statement regarding the GIPS Standards only in retail communications concerning private placements offerings that are prepared in accordance with FINRA Regulatory Notice 20-21.

For firms that do not claim compliance with the GIPS standards:

[Insert firm name] has calculated the since-inception internal rate of return (SI-IRR) and fund metrics using a methodology that is consistent with the calculation requirements of the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). [Insert firm name] does not claim compliance with the GIPS standards. GIPS® is a registered trademark of CFA Institute. CFA Institute does not endorse or promote [insert firm name], nor does it warrant the accuracy or quality of the content contained herein.

For firms that claim compliance with the GIPS standards:

[Insert firm name] has calculated the since-inception internal rate of return (SI-IRR) and fund metrics using a methodology that is consistent with the calculation requirements of the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). [Insert firm name] claims compliance with the GIPS standards. GIPS® is a registered trademark of CFA Institute. CFA Institute does not endorse or promote [insert firm name], nor does it warrant the accuracy or quality of the content contained herein.

Any IRR, as well as the additional metrics required under the GIPS standards, must meet the input data and calculation requirements of the GIPS standards.

Additional metrics must be included when presenting IRR performance in compliance with the GIPS standards. The following metrics are required under the GIPS Standards:

  • Since-inception paid-in capital (PIC) – The amount of committed capital that has been drawn down
  • Since-inception distributions
  • Cumulative committed capital – The capital pledged to the investment vehicle
  • Total value to since-inception paid-in capital (TVPI or investment multiple) - TVPI provides information about the value of the composite relative to its cost basis
  • Since-inception distributions to since-inception paid-in capital (DPI or realization multiple)
  • Since-inception paid-in capital to cumulative committed capital (PIC multiple)
  • Residual value to since-inception paid-in capital (RVPI or unrealized multiple)

How to calculate IRR consistent with the GIPS Standards

To meet the requirements of the GIPS standards, money-weighted returns must be presented as an annualized since-inception figure that uses daily external cash flows (at least quarterly is acceptable for external cash flows prior to 1 January 2020). Additionally, stock distributions must be treated as external cash flows and must be valued at the time of distribution. For pooled funds, returns must be net of total pooled fund expenses.

While IRR is the most common money-weighted return, Modified Dietz is also an acceptable method. Not to be confused with linked Modified Dietz returns that many firms use as a time-weighted return (calculated monthly and then geometrically linked to calculate annual returns), this Modified Dietz return is calculated once covering the entire performance period.

Most firms use IRR, or more specifically, the XIRR function in Excel, which allows for daily cash flows.

One important consideration is ensuring that the return is properly annualized. If using XIRR and the period is greater than 1-year then the result of the calculation using this function in Excel is already properly annualized. If using Modified Dietz, the result is a cumulative return that will need to be annualized for periods greater than 1-year. This figure can be annualized as follows:

((1+Cumulative Modified Dietz Return)365/Total Days)-1

Conversely, if the XIRR is calculated for a period shorter than 1-year, it must be de-annualized. This can be done as follows:

((1+XIRR)Total Days/365)-1

For more information on additional considerations when presenting IRRs, i.e. money-weighted returns, in accordance with the GIPS standards, please reference the “2020 GIPS Report Utilizing Money-Weighted Returns” section of our article on presenting performance under the 2020 GIPS standards.

Questions?

If your firm is interested in claiming compliance with the GIPS standards, or would like assistance in calculating and presenting performance in accordance with GIPS, we would be happy to help.

Feel free to contact us or email Sean Gilligan directly at sean@longspeakadvisory.com with any questions.

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Key Takeaways from the 2025 PMAR Conference
This year’s PMAR Conference delivered timely and thought-provoking content for performance professionals across the industry. In this post, we’ve highlighted our top takeaways from the event—including a recap of the WiPM gathering.
May 29, 2025
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The Performance Measurement, Attribution & Risk (PMAR) Conference is always a highlight for investment performance professionals—and this year’s event did not disappoint. With a packed agenda spanning everything from economic uncertainty and automation to evolving training needs and private market complexities, PMAR 2025 gave attendees plenty to think about.

Here are some of our key takeaways from this year’s event:

Women in Performance Measurement (WiPM)

Although not officially a part of PMAR, WiPM often schedules its annual in-person gathering during the same week to take advantage of the broader industry presence at the event. This year’s in-person gathering, united female professionals from across the country for a full day of connection, learning, and mentorship. The agenda struck a thoughtful balance between professional development and personal connection, with standout sessions on AI and machine learning, resume building, and insights from the WiPM mentoring program. A consistent favorite among attendees is the interactive format—discussions are engaging, and the support among members is truly energizing. The day concluded with a cocktail reception and dinner, reinforcing the group’s strong sense of community and its ongoing commitment to advancing women in the performance measurement profession.

If you’re not yet a member and are interested in joining the community, find WiPM here on LinkedIn.

Uncertainty, Not Risk, is Driving Market Volatility

John Longo, Ph.D., Rutgers Business School kicked off the conference with a deep dive into the global economy, and his message was clear: today’s markets are more uncertain than risky. Tariffs, political volatility, and unconventional strategies—like the idea of purchasing Greenland—are reshaping global trade and investment decisions. His suggestion? Investors may want to look beyond U.S. borders and consider assets like gold or emerging markets as a hedge.

Longo also highlighted the looming national debt problem and inflationary effects of protectionist policies. For performance professionals, the implication is clear: macro-level policy choices are creating noise that can obscure traditional risk metrics. Understanding the difference between risk and uncertainty is more important than ever.

The Future of Training: Customized, Continuous, and Collaborative

In the “Developing Staff for Success” session, Frances Barney, CFA (former head of investment performance and risk analysis for BNY Mellon) and our very own Jocelyn Gilligan, CFA, CIPM explored the evolving nature of training in our field. The key message: cookie-cutter training doesn't cut it anymore. With increasing regulatory complexity and rapidly advancing technology, firms must invest in flexible, personalized learning programs.

Whether it's improving communication skills, building tech proficiency, or embedding a culture of curiosity, the session emphasized that training must be more than a check-the-box activity. Ongoing mentorship, cross-training, and embracing neurodiversity in learning styles are all part of building high-performing, engaged teams.

AI is Here—But It Needs a Human Co-Pilot

Several sessions explored the growing role of AI and automation in performance and reporting. The consensus? AI holds immense promise, but without strong data governance and human oversight, it’s not a silver bullet. From hallucinations in generative models to the ethical challenges of data usage, AI introduces new risks even as it streamlines workflows.

Use cases presented ranged from anomaly detection and report generation to client communication enhancements and predictive exception handling. But again and again, speakers emphasized: AI should augment, not replace, human expertise.

Private Markets Require Purpose-Built Tools

Private equity, private credit, real estate, and hedge funds remain among the trickiest asset classes to measure. Whether debating IRR vs. TWR, handling data lags, or selecting appropriate benchmarks, this year's sessions highlighted just how much nuance is involved in getting private market reporting right.

One particularly compelling idea: using replicating portfolios of public assets to assess the risk and performance of illiquid investments. This approach offers more transparency and a better sense of underlying exposures, especially in the absence of timely valuations.

Shorting and Leverage Complicate Performance Attribution

Calculating performance in long/short portfolios isn’t straightforward—and using absolute values can create misleading results. A session on this topic broke down the mechanics of short selling and explained why contribution-based return attribution is essential for accurate reporting.

The key insight: portfolio-level returns can fall outside the range of individual asset returns, especially in leveraged portfolios. Understanding the directional nature of each position is crucial for both internal attribution and external communication.

The SEC is Watching—Are You Ready?

Compliance was another hot topic, especially in light of recent enforcement actions under the SEC Marketing Rule. From misuse of hypothetical performance to sloppy use of testimonials, the panelists shared hard-earned lessons and emphasized the importance of documentation. This panel was moderated by Longs Peak’s Matt Deatherage, CFA, CIPM and included Lance Dial, of K&L Gates along with Thayne Gould from Vigilant.

FAQs have helped clarify gray areas (especially around extracted performance and proximity of net vs. gross returns), but more guidance is expected—particularly on model fees and performance portability. If you're not already documenting every performance claim, now is the time to start.

“Phantom Alpha” Is Real—And Preventable

David Spaulding of TSG, closed the conference with a deep dive into benchmark construction and the potential for “phantom alpha.” Even small differences in rebalancing frequency between portfolios and their benchmarks can create misleading outperformance. His recommendation? Either sync your rebalancing schedules or clearly disclose the differences.

This session served as a great reminder that even small implementation details can significantly impact reported performance—and that transparency is essential to maintaining trust.

Final Thoughts

From automation to attribution, PMAR 2025 showcased the depth and complexity of our field. If there’s one overarching takeaway, it’s that while tools and techniques continue to evolve, the core principles—transparency, accuracy, and accountability—remain as important a sever.

Did you attend PMAR this year? We’d love to hear your biggest takeaways. Reach out to us at hello@longspeakadvisory.com or drop us a note on LinkedIn!

ColoradoBiz Names Longs Peak’s Jocelyn Gilligan, CFA, CIPM as a Gen XYZ Top Young Professional
Longs Peak is pleased to announce that Partner and Co-Founder, Jocelyn Gilligan has been named a GenXYZ Top Young Professional by ColoradoBiz Magazine. As ColoradoBiz states, “They’re uncommon achievers, whether as entrepreneurs, CEOs, nonprofit leaders, visionaries critical to their companies’ success or, in some cases, all of those roles. This year’s Top 25 Young Professionals figure to continue making a difference professionally and in their communities for years to come.”
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Longs Peak is pleased to announce that Partner and Co-Founder, Jocelyn Gilligan has been named a GenXYZ Top Young Professional by ColoradoBiz Magazine.

As ColoradoBiz states, “They’re uncommon achievers, whether as entrepreneurs, CEOs, nonprofit leaders, visionaries critical to their companies’ success or, in some cases, all of those roles. This year’s Top 25 Young Professionals figure to continue making a difference professionally and in their communities for years to come.”

Jocelyn grew up in Boulder, CO and graduated from the University of Colorado. She started her career at Ernst & Young in New York City where she worked on their Financial Services Transfer Pricing Team. She transferred with EY to their office in Shanghai and then eventually to Hong Kong. Jocelyn left EY as a Manager and relocated back to Colorado where she and her husband started a family. Soon thereafter, Jocelyn and Sean founded Longs Peak out of a small one-car garage in their home in Longmont, CO. Now running a thriving team of 14, Jocelyn has weathered the ups and downs of entrepreneurship. She credits a lot of their success to their amazing team and the community of entrepreneurs they live near and network with (Longs Peak is an active member of EO (Entrepreneurs Organization)).

Jocelyn is a voting member of the PTO at her children’s school and a member of Women in Investment Performance Measurement, a group recently founded to support women in the investment performance industry.

About ColoradoBiz’s Top 25 Young Professionals

The 13th annual Gen XYZ awards is open to those under 40 who live and work in Colorado — numbered in the hundreds, making for difficult decisions and conversations among judges, as always. Applications were judged by our editorial board based on career achievement, community engagement and their stories of how they got to where they are now.

About Longs Peak

Longs Peak is a purpose and values-driven company. It is our mission to make investment performance information more transparent and reliable—empowering investors to make better, more informed investment decisions.

At the onset, we were looking to help smaller investment managers by giving them access to professional performance experts and tools typically only available to very large firms. We know that our work enables emerging managers to compete with the big guys and helps facilitate their growth. We strive to be our clients’ most valued outsource partner and to be known for our exceptional client service. We know that providing exceptional client service means that we must first create a culture that lives by the ideals we are trying to create for our clients. A place where incredibly talented individuals are empowered to put their best work into the hands of clients that truly value what we do. As a firm, we recognize that our greatest asset is people – both those we work with and those we work for. We continue to evolve into something that represents the needs of both of these groups and hope someday a GIPS Report is provided to every prospective investor in the world.

SEC Clarifies Marketing Rule: Gross-of-Fee Returns Allowed Under Certain Conditions
The investment management industry has spent significant time grappling with the SEC’s Marketing Rule and the question of whether gross-of-fee returns can be presented without corresponding net-of-fee returns in certain cases. Many firms have invested resources in trying to allocate fees to individual securities and sectors in an effort to comply. However, the SEC has now issued two FAQs (March 19, 2025) that provide much appreciated clarity on extracted performance and portfolio characteristics. The key takeaway? It is possible to present gross-of-fee returns without net-of-fee returns—if certain conditions are met.
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The investment management industry has spent significant time grappling with the SEC’s Marketing Rule and the question of whether gross-of-fee returns can be presented without corresponding net-of-fee returns in certain cases. Many firms have invested resources in trying to allocate fees to individual securities and sectors in an effort to comply. However, the SEC has now issued two FAQs (March 19, 2025) that provide much appreciated clarity on extracted performance and portfolio characteristics. The key takeaway? It is possible to present gross-of-fee returns without net-of-fee returns—if certain conditions are met.

Extracted Performance: Gross Returns Can Stand Alone Under Specific Criteria

Investment advisers often present the performance of a single investment or a subset of a portfolio (“extracted performance”) in marketing materials. Historically, the SEC required both gross and net performance to be shown for such extracts. The new guidance provides a pathway for firms to display only gross-of-fee extracted performance, provided the following conditions are met:

  1. The extracted performance must be clearly identified as gross performance.
  2. The advertisement must also present the total portfolio’s gross and net performance in a manner consistent with SEC requirements.
  3. The total portfolio’s performance must be given at least equal prominence to, and facilitate comparison with, the extracted performance.
  4. The total portfolio’s performance must be calculated over a period that includes the entire period of the extracted performance.

If these conditions are satisfied, the SEC staff has indicated they will not recommend enforcement action, even if the extracted performance is presented without corresponding net returns. This is a notable shift, as it allows firms to avoid the complex and often impractical task of allocating fees at the investment or sector level.

Portfolio and Investment Characteristics: Net-of-Fee Not Always Required

Another common industry question has been whether certain portfolio or investment characteristics—such as yield, volatility, Sharpe ratio, sector returns, or attribution analysis—constitute “performance” under the marketing rule, and if so, whether they must be presented net of fees.

The SEC’s latest guidance acknowledges that calculating these characteristics net of fees can be difficult and, in some cases, may lead to misleading results. As a result, the staff has confirmed that firms may present gross characteristics alone, without net characteristics, if they meet the following criteria:

  1. The characteristic must be clearly identified as calculated without the deduction of fees and expenses.
  2. The advertisement must also present the total portfolio’s gross and net performance in a manner consistent with SEC requirements.
  3. The total portfolio’s performance must be given at least equal prominence to, and facilitate comparison with, the gross characteristic.
  4. The total portfolio’s performance must be calculated over a period that includes the entire period of the characteristic being presented.

As with extracted performance, these conditions help ensure that the presentation is not misleading, reducing the risk of enforcement action.

Bottom Line: A Practical Path Forward

This updated SEC guidance provides much-needed flexibility for investment managers, allowing for the presentation of gross-of-fee returns in a compliant manner. Firms that clearly disclose their approach and follow the specified conditions can reduce compliance burdens while still meeting investor protection standards. While this does not eliminate all complexities of the Marketing Rule, it does offer a practical solution that allows for more straightforward and meaningful performance reporting.

For firms navigating these changes, ensuring clear disclosures and maintaining compliance with the general prohibitions of the rule remains critical. Those who align their advertising materials with these guidelines can now confidently use gross-of-fee performance in a way that is both transparent and in compliance with regulatory requirements.

Questions?

If you have questions about calculating or presenting investment performance in a manner that complies with regulatory requirements or industry best practices, we would love to talk to you. Please feel free to email us at hello@longspeakadvisory.com.