FINRA Rule 2210: How to calculate IRR consistent with GIPS

Sean P. Gilligan
Author
April 21, 2021
15 min
FINRA Rule 2210: How to calculate IRR consistent with GIPS

In July 2020, the Financial Industry Regulation Authority (FINRA), a government-authorized not-for-profit organization that oversees US broker-dealers, published Regulatory Notice 20-21, which addresses retail communications concerning private placement offerings. Specifically, Regulatory Notice 20-21, which addresses FINRA Rule 2210 and the use of IRR in retail communications for completed investment programs, now requires IRR to be calculated according to the methodology outlined in the GIPS® Standards.

What is GIPS?

The Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) are a set of voluntary standards utilized by investment managers and asset owners throughout the world to provide full disclosure and fair representation of their investment performance.

The fundamental aim of GIPS compliance is transparency and consistency. Firms that comply with the GIPS standards improve transparency in the industry and standardize reporting, allowing prospects evaluating managers with similar strategies to make the comparison easier and more meaningful.

What does FINRA Rule 2210 have to do with the GIPS standards?

Within the Regulatory Notice, FINRA states that, “FINRA interprets Rule 2210 to permit the inclusion of IRR if it is calculated in a manner consistent with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS) adopted by the CFA Institute and includes additional GIPS-required metrics such as paid-in capital, committed capital and distributions paid to investors.” Ultimately, this means that firms that present IRRs in private placements must now calculate and present performance information in accordance with the methodology outlined in the GIPS standards.

This understandably has led to some confusion for non-GIPS compliant firms that include IRR performance in private placement offerings.

In the CFA Institute’s March 2021 GIPS Standards Newsletter, some common questions were addressed regarding FINRA Regulatory Notice 20-21 and its reference to the GIPS standards. Please keep in mind that CFA Institute’s interpretation of the Regulatory Notice has not been adopted or endorsed by FINRA. The key takeaways from the questions and answers listed in the newsletter are listed below.

Key Takeaways From CFA Institute about FINRA Regulatory Notice 20-21:

A firm is not required to claim compliance with the GIPS Standards in order to comply with FINRA Regulatory Notice 20-21.

An exception is being made to allow firms and their agents to make a specific statement regarding the GIPS Standards only in retail communications concerning private placements offerings that are prepared in accordance with FINRA Regulatory Notice 20-21.

For firms that do not claim compliance with the GIPS standards:

[Insert firm name] has calculated the since-inception internal rate of return (SI-IRR) and fund metrics using a methodology that is consistent with the calculation requirements of the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). [Insert firm name] does not claim compliance with the GIPS standards. GIPS® is a registered trademark of CFA Institute. CFA Institute does not endorse or promote [insert firm name], nor does it warrant the accuracy or quality of the content contained herein.

For firms that claim compliance with the GIPS standards:

[Insert firm name] has calculated the since-inception internal rate of return (SI-IRR) and fund metrics using a methodology that is consistent with the calculation requirements of the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). [Insert firm name] claims compliance with the GIPS standards. GIPS® is a registered trademark of CFA Institute. CFA Institute does not endorse or promote [insert firm name], nor does it warrant the accuracy or quality of the content contained herein.

Any IRR, as well as the additional metrics required under the GIPS standards, must meet the input data and calculation requirements of the GIPS standards.

Additional metrics must be included when presenting IRR performance in compliance with the GIPS standards. The following metrics are required under the GIPS Standards:

  • Since-inception paid-in capital (PIC) – The amount of committed capital that has been drawn down
  • Since-inception distributions
  • Cumulative committed capital – The capital pledged to the investment vehicle
  • Total value to since-inception paid-in capital (TVPI or investment multiple) - TVPI provides information about the value of the composite relative to its cost basis
  • Since-inception distributions to since-inception paid-in capital (DPI or realization multiple)
  • Since-inception paid-in capital to cumulative committed capital (PIC multiple)
  • Residual value to since-inception paid-in capital (RVPI or unrealized multiple)

How to calculate IRR consistent with the GIPS Standards

To meet the requirements of the GIPS standards, money-weighted returns must be presented as an annualized since-inception figure that uses daily external cash flows (at least quarterly is acceptable for external cash flows prior to 1 January 2020). Additionally, stock distributions must be treated as external cash flows and must be valued at the time of distribution. For pooled funds, returns must be net of total pooled fund expenses.

While IRR is the most common money-weighted return, Modified Dietz is also an acceptable method. Not to be confused with linked Modified Dietz returns that many firms use as a time-weighted return (calculated monthly and then geometrically linked to calculate annual returns), this Modified Dietz return is calculated once covering the entire performance period.

Most firms use IRR, or more specifically, the XIRR function in Excel, which allows for daily cash flows.

One important consideration is ensuring that the return is properly annualized. If using XIRR and the period is greater than 1-year then the result of the calculation using this function in Excel is already properly annualized. If using Modified Dietz, the result is a cumulative return that will need to be annualized for periods greater than 1-year. This figure can be annualized as follows:

((1+Cumulative Modified Dietz Return)365/Total Days)-1

Conversely, if the XIRR is calculated for a period shorter than 1-year, it must be de-annualized. This can be done as follows:

((1+XIRR)Total Days/365)-1

For more information on additional considerations when presenting IRRs, i.e. money-weighted returns, in accordance with the GIPS standards, please reference the “2020 GIPS Report Utilizing Money-Weighted Returns” section of our article on presenting performance under the 2020 GIPS standards.

Questions?

If your firm is interested in claiming compliance with the GIPS standards, or would like assistance in calculating and presenting performance in accordance with GIPS, we would be happy to help.

Feel free to contact us or email Sean Gilligan directly at sean@longspeakadvisory.com with any questions.

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ColoradoBiz Names Longs Peak’s Jocelyn Gilligan, CFA, CIPM as a GenZYZ Top Young Professional
Longs Peak is pleased to announce that Partner and Co-Founder, Jocelyn Gilligan has been named a GenXYZ Top Young Professional by ColoradoBiz Magazine. As ColoradoBiz states, “They’re uncommon achievers, whether as entrepreneurs, CEOs, nonprofit leaders, visionaries critical to their companies’ success or, in some cases, all of those roles. This year’s Top 25 Young Professionals figure to continue making a difference professionally and in their communities for years to come.”
March 14, 2023
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Longs Peak is pleased to announce that Partner and Co-Founder, Jocelyn Gilligan has been named a GenXYZ Top Young Professional by ColoradoBiz Magazine.

As ColoradoBiz states, “They’re uncommon achievers, whether as entrepreneurs, CEOs, nonprofit leaders, visionaries critical to their companies’ success or, in some cases, all of those roles. This year’s Top 25 Young Professionals figure to continue making a difference professionally and in their communities for years to come.”

Jocelyn grew up in Boulder, CO and graduated from the University of Colorado. She started her career at Ernst & Young in New York City where she worked on their Financial Services Transfer Pricing Team. She transferred with EY to their office in Shanghai and then eventually to Hong Kong. Jocelyn left EY as a Manager and relocated back to Colorado where she and her husband started a family. Soon thereafter, Jocelyn and Sean founded Longs Peak out of a small one-car garage in their home in Longmont, CO. Now running a thriving team of 14, Jocelyn has weathered the ups and downs of entrepreneurship. She credits a lot of their success to their amazing team and the community of entrepreneurs they live near and network with (Longs Peak is an active member of EO (Entrepreneurs Organization)).

Jocelyn is a voting member of the PTO at her children’s school and a member of Women in Investment Performance Measurement, a group recently founded to support women in the investment performance industry.

Please join us in celebrating this year’s ColoradoBiz Top Young Professionals nominees. You can view the complete list of nominees here

About ColoradoBiz’s Top 25 Young Professionals

The 13th annual Gen XYZ awards is open to those under 40 who live and work in Colorado — numbered in the hundreds, making for difficult decisions and conversations among judges, as always. Applications were judged by our editorial board based on career achievement, community engagement and their stories of how they got to where they are now.

About Longs Peak

Longs Peak is a purpose and values-driven company. It is our mission to make investment performance information more transparent and reliable—empowering investors to make better, more informed investment decisions.

At the onset, we were looking to help smaller investment managers by giving them access to professional performance experts and tools typically only available to very large firms. We know that our work enables emerging managers to compete with the big guys and helps facilitate their growth. We strive to be our clients’ most valued outsource partner and to be known for our exceptional client service. We know that providing exceptional client service means that we must first create a culture that lives by the ideals we are trying to create for our clients. A place where incredibly talented individuals are empowered to put their best work into the hands of clients that truly value what we do. As a firm, we recognize that our greatest asset is people – both those we work with and those we work for. We continue to evolve into something that represents the needs of both of these groups and hope someday a GIPS Report is provided to every prospective investor in the world.

SEC Clarifies Marketing Rule: Gross-of-Fee Returns Allowed Under Certain Conditions
The investment management industry has spent significant time grappling with the SEC’s Marketing Rule and the question of whether gross-of-fee returns can be presented without corresponding net-of-fee returns in certain cases. Many firms have invested resources in trying to allocate fees to individual securities and sectors in an effort to comply. However, the SEC has now issued two FAQs (March 19, 2025) that provide much appreciated clarity on extracted performance and portfolio characteristics. The key takeaway? It is possible to present gross-of-fee returns without net-of-fee returns—if certain conditions are met.
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The investment management industry has spent significant time grappling with the SEC’s Marketing Rule and the question of whether gross-of-fee returns can be presented without corresponding net-of-fee returns in certain cases. Many firms have invested resources in trying to allocate fees to individual securities and sectors in an effort to comply. However, the SEC has now issued two FAQs (March 19, 2025) that provide much appreciated clarity on extracted performance and portfolio characteristics. The key takeaway? It is possible to present gross-of-fee returns without net-of-fee returns—if certain conditions are met.

Extracted Performance: Gross Returns Can Stand Alone Under Specific Criteria

Investment advisers often present the performance of a single investment or a subset of a portfolio (“extracted performance”) in marketing materials. Historically, the SEC required both gross and net performance to be shown for such extracts. The new guidance provides a pathway for firms to display only gross-of-fee extracted performance, provided the following conditions are met:

  1. The extracted performance must be clearly identified as gross performance.
  2. The advertisement must also present the total portfolio’s gross and net performance in a manner consistent with SEC requirements.
  3. The total portfolio’s performance must be given at least equal prominence to, and facilitate comparison with, the extracted performance.
  4. The total portfolio’s performance must be calculated over a period that includes the entire period of the extracted performance.

If these conditions are satisfied, the SEC staff has indicated they will not recommend enforcement action, even if the extracted performance is presented without corresponding net returns. This is a notable shift, as it allows firms to avoid the complex and often impractical task of allocating fees at the investment or sector level.

Portfolio and Investment Characteristics: Net-of-Fee Not Always Required

Another common industry question has been whether certain portfolio or investment characteristics—such as yield, volatility, Sharpe ratio, sector returns, or attribution analysis—constitute “performance” under the marketing rule, and if so, whether they must be presented net of fees.

The SEC’s latest guidance acknowledges that calculating these characteristics net of fees can be difficult and, in some cases, may lead to misleading results. As a result, the staff has confirmed that firms may present gross characteristics alone, without net characteristics, if they meet the following criteria:

  1. The characteristic must be clearly identified as calculated without the deduction of fees and expenses.
  2. The advertisement must also present the total portfolio’s gross and net performance in a manner consistent with SEC requirements.
  3. The total portfolio’s performance must be given at least equal prominence to, and facilitate comparison with, the gross characteristic.
  4. The total portfolio’s performance must be calculated over a period that includes the entire period of the characteristic being presented.

As with extracted performance, these conditions help ensure that the presentation is not misleading, reducing the risk of enforcement action.

Bottom Line: A Practical Path Forward

This updated SEC guidance provides much-needed flexibility for investment managers, allowing for the presentation of gross-of-fee returns in a compliant manner. Firms that clearly disclose their approach and follow the specified conditions can reduce compliance burdens while still meeting investor protection standards. While this does not eliminate all complexities of the Marketing Rule, it does offer a practical solution that allows for more straightforward and meaningful performance reporting.

For firms navigating these changes, ensuring clear disclosures and maintaining compliance with the general prohibitions of the rule remains critical. Those who align their advertising materials with these guidelines can now confidently use gross-of-fee performance in a way that is both transparent and in compliance with regulatory requirements.

Questions?

If you have questions about calculating or presenting investment performance in a manner that complies with regulatory requirements or industry best practices, we would love to talk to you. Please feel free to email us at hello@longspeakadvisory.com.

New GIPS Standards Guidance for OCIOs: What You Need to Know
The Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) have released a new Guidance Statement for OCIO Portfolios, bringing greater transparency and consistency to the way Outsourced Chief Investment Officers (OCIOs) report performance. This update is a significant milestone for firms managing OCIO Portfolios and asset owners looking to evaluate their OCIO providers.
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The Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) have released a new Guidance Statement for OCIO Portfolios, bringing greater transparency and consistency to the way Outsourced Chief Investment Officers (OCIOs) report performance. This update is a significant milestone for firms managing OCIO Portfolios and asset owners looking to evaluate their OCIO providers.

What is an OCIO?

An Outsourced Chief Investment Officer (OCIO) is a third-party fiduciary that provides both strategic investment advice and investment management services to institutional investors such as pension funds, endowments, and foundations. Instead of building an in-house investment team, asset owners delegate investment decisions to an OCIO, which handles everything from strategic planning to portfolio management.

Who Does the New Guidance Apply To?

The Guidance Statement for OCIO Portfolios applies when a firm provides both:

  1. Strategic investment advice, including developing or assessing an asset owner’s strategic asset allocation and investment policy statement.
  2. Investment management services, such as portfolio construction, fund and manager selection, and ongoing management.

This ensures that firms managing OCIO Portfolios follow standardized performance reporting, making it easier for prospective clients to compare OCIO providers.

Who is Exempt from the OCIO Guidance?

The guidance does not apply in the following scenarios:

  • Investment management without strategic advice – If a firm only manages investments without advising on asset allocation or investment policy.
  • Strategic advice without investment management – If a firm provides recommendations but does not manage the portfolio.
  • Partial OCIO portfolios – If a firm only manages a portion of a portfolio, rather than the full OCIO mandate.
  • Retail client portfolios – The guidance is specific to institutional OCIO Portfolios and does not apply to retail investors including larger wealth management portfolios.

Key Change: Required OCIO Composites

Previously, OCIO firms had flexibility in defining their performance composites. Now, the GIPS Standards introduce Required OCIO Composites, which categorize portfolios based on strategic asset allocation.

Types of Required OCIO Composites

  1. Liability-Focused Composites – Designed for portfolios aiming to meet specific liability streams, such as corporate pensions.
  2. Total Return Composites – Focused on capital appreciation, commonly used by endowments and foundations.

Firms must classify OCIO Portfolios based on their strategic allocation, not short-term tactical shifts. This standardization enhances comparability across OCIO providers. The specific allocation ranges for the required composites are as follows:

Required OCIO Composites for OCIO Portfolios

Required OCIO Composites
Source: Guidance Statement for OCIO Portfolios

Performance Calculation & Reporting

To ensure transparency, firms must follow specific rules for return calculations and fee disclosures:

  • Time-weighted returns (TWR) are required, even for portfolios with private equity or real estate holdings.
  • Both gross and net-of-fee returns must be presented to clarify the true cost of OCIO management.
  • Fee schedule disclosures must include all investment management fees, including fees from proprietary funds and third-party placements.

Enhanced Transparency in GIPS Reports

The new guidance also requires OCIO firms to disclose additional portfolio details, such as:

  • Annual asset allocation breakdowns (e.g., growth vs. liability-hedging assets).
  • Private market investment and hedge fund exposures.
  • Portfolio characteristics, such as funding ratios and duration for liability-focused portfolios.

By providing these details, OCIO firms enable prospective clients to make better-informed decisions when selecting an investment partner.

When Do These Changes Take Effect?

The Guidance Statement for OCIO Portfolios is effective December 31, 2025. From this date forward, GIPS Reports for Required OCIO Composites must follow the new standards. However, firms are encouraged to adopt the guidance earlier to improve transparency and reporting consistency.

Why This Matters

With OCIO services growing in popularity, this new guidance ensures that firms adhere to best practices in performance reporting. By establishing clear rules for composite classification, return calculation, and fee disclosure, the guidance empowers asset owners to compare OCIO providers with confidence.

As the December 31, 2025 deadline approaches, OCIO firms should begin aligning their reporting practices with this new guidance to stay ahead of the curve.

Don’t miss CFA Institute’s webinar scheduled for this Thursday February 6, 2025 to hear more on this guidance statement.

Questions?

If you have questions about the Guidance Statement for OCIO Portfolios or the Standards in general, we would love to talk to you. Longs Peak’s professionals have extensive experience helping firms become GIPS compliant as well as helping firms maintain their compliance with the GIPS Standards on an ongoing basis. Please feel free to email us at hello@longspeakadvisory.com.